Disclosed are a method and apparatus for obtaining a residual gravity anomaly. The method comprises: obtaining a Bouguer gravity anomaly in a target region; determining a first pre-set range corresponding to each sampling point in the target region; obtaining a first regional field value of a sampling point using a surface fitting method based on coordinates and a field value of the sampling point within the first pre-set range; traversing the target region, and obtaining a first regional gravity anomaly of the target region according to the first regional field value of the sampling point in the target region; and obtaining a first residual gravity anomaly of the target region according to the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the first regional gravity anomaly. In the embodiments of the present invention, a regional field value of a sampling point obtained by utilizing a local surface fitting method has higher precision and accuracy, and the regional gravity anomaly of a target region is more in line with the actual scenario, so that a residual gravity anomaly obtained according to a Bouguer gravity anomaly and the regional gravity anomaly is more accurate, and thus the underground geological body can be accurately predicted.
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