Disclosed is a method for quantitatively characterizing geometric parameter relationships of river channel sand bodies of different river types, particularly relating to the field of river channel sand body space prediction. The present invention solves the deficiencies of the existence of common defects in the aspect of quantification and the poor adaptability of the existing established river sand body empirical formulas. The method is performed on the basis of Google Earth, and specifically comprises: using Google Earth to search for typical rivers of four river types, i.e. a braided river, a branched river, a meandering river, and an anastomosing river; measuring basic data of the river channels of the typical rivers using Google Earth, and establishing river channel sand body characteristic parameter geological databases for the river types, so as to serve as basic source data of the geological knowledge base; fitting, according to the basic source data obtained by Google Earth, quantitative formulas for correlations between geometric parameters of river channel sand bodies of different river types; and summarizing 14 correlation empirical formulas for the significantly correlated geometric parameters of river channel sand bodies of various river types, and applying the correlation empirical formulas to the river channel sand body of the fluvial facies, so as to predict the river channel width and the river channel belt width.
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