ION-GATED THERMAL, ELECTRICAL, AND OPTOELECTRONIC MODULATORS, TRANSISTORS, AND SWITCHES AND IN-SITU SENSING OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES FOR SAFETY MANAGEMENT

摘要

A thermal or thermoelectric device includes: (1) a heat source; (2) a heat sink; (3) a first electrode; (4) a second electrode thermally connected between the heat source and the heat sink; (5) an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and (6) a voltage source connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the voltage source is configured to apply a voltage potential between the first electrode and the second electrode to vary a thermal conductivity of the second electrode and modulate heat flow between the heat source and the heat sink through the second electrode.