The present invention relates to a robot for monitoring and improving water quality in real time, which measures water quality while moving a water surface of a lake, a river, a dam, a reservoir, etc., divides the measured water quality by grade, and differentially introduces microbubbles in accordance with a grade of the water quality to improve the water quality. The robot of the present invention comprises: a step of obtaining a location coordinate matrix for the entire water quality monitoring area by receiving a signal of a GPS receiving module while moving the water quality monitoring area, and obtaining a location coordinate for the entire water quality monitoring area at a predetermined interval while confirming the waterside by an ultrasonic distance meter; a step of obtaining water quality data including dissolved oxygen for each location coordinate while moving the location coordinate matrix of the entire water quality monitoring area at a predetermined cycle; a step of determining a dissolved oxygen grade for each location coordinate using the water quality data for each location coordinate of the entire water quality monitoring area; and a water quality improving step of operating a microbubble generator while sequentially moving the entire location coordinate matrix in order of the location coordinate in which the dissolved oxygen grade is bad, and introducing microbubbles while gradually and differentially reducing an operating time of the microbubble generator as the dissolved oxygen grade is better.
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