The invention relates to a system for measuring a physical quantity representative of the quality of the air in an observation zone (1), comprising: a mapping of the observation zone (1), comprising a set V modeled values representative of the physical quantity; means for measuring the physical quantity, having a number N of positions or a number N of trajectories in the observation zone (1) intended to present a spatial distribution Sopt; Sopt calculation means, configured to: • mesh the observation zone (1), comprising a number G of points; • calculate, for a given spatial distribution, an estimator of V, V, for each of the G points; • calculate a cost-function representative of the difference or likelihood between V and the values V extracted at G points; • extract the Sopt spatial distribution that minimizes or maximizes the cost function.
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