In response to receiving observed data of mixed observed variables, a mixed causality objective function, being suitable for continuous observed variables and discrete observed variables is determined, wherein the mixed causality objective function includes a causality objective function for continuous observed variables and a causality objective function for discrete observed variables and the fitting inconsistency is adjusted based on weighted factors of the observed variables. Then, the mixed causality objective function is optimally solved by using a mixed sparse causal inference, suitable for both continuous observed variables and discrete observed variables, using the mixed observed data under a constraint of a directed acyclic graph, to estimate causality among the observed variables.
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