The present invention provides a method for producing adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from proliferative oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and a pharmaceutical composition having for an active ingredient thereof adult OPC produced according to that method. The method for producing adult OPC of the present invention is characterized by inducing proliferating OPC to differentiate into adult OPC by culturing in the presence of a ligand of a thyroid hormone receptor or retinoic acid receptor in a low oxygen environment. The present invention further provides adult OPC produced according to the production method of the present invention, and a pharmaceutical composition having these adult OPC as an active ingredient thereof.
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