MINIATURIZED PULSED DISCHARGE IONIZATION DETECTOR, NON-RADIOACTIVE IONIZATION SOURCES, AND METHODS THEREOF

摘要

The present application relates to pulsed discharge ionization detectors (PDIDs) and non-radioactive ionization sources, including miniaturized forms thereof. In some examples, the PDID includes annular electrodes, where each electrode is disposed between annular insulators. Also provided herein are methods of making and using such PDIDs, such as for detecting one or more volatile organic compounds, as well as non-radioactive ionization sources.