PROBABILISTIC MODELS FOR BEAM, SPOT, AND LINE EMISSION FOR COLLIMATED X-RAY EMISSION

摘要

An apparatus includes a driver for generating oscillations; and a medium comprising arranged nuclei configured to oscillate at one or more oscillating frequencies when the medium is driven by the driver, wherein nuclear electromagnetic quanta are down-converted to vibrational quanta; or vibrational quanta are up-converted to nuclear quanta; or nuclear excitation is transferred to other nuclei in the medium; or nuclear excitation is subdivided and transferred to other nuclei in the medium (thereby exciting them); or a combination of the above due to interaction between vibrational energy of the oscillating nuclei and the oscillating nuclei.