VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED, HYDRODYNAMICALLY ISOLATED, ION-GENERATION APPARATUS AND METHOD

摘要

An apparatus and method isolating ion generation from target metalprecipitation andflocculation rely on an ion generator and a precipitation reactor distinct,separated, optimized, andotherwise independent, so no co-habitation of ion generation andprecipitation, nor their flow regimes,is permitted. Plug flow is hyper turbulent in the ion generator. Flow isquiescent to laminar theprecipitator. Coating sacrificial anodes is avoided by not over drivingcurrents for ionization at theanode. Control of electrical resistance across flows of very high TDS (over200kppm, often over225kppm) is accomplished by selectively masking a portion of the anode,cathode, or both of suchelectrodes. Masks may be dielectric films or layers, such as plastic sheets ortubes, or curtains ofbubbles injected into the flow near an electrode.