Disclosed by the present application are a blockchain public chain maintenance method, device, node and blockchain public chain. The method comprises: during each time interval meeting a preset condition, selecting public chain maintainer nodes among public chain nodes according to a predetermined rule, the number of public chain maintainer nodes being less than the number of public chain nodes; and the selected public chain maintainer nodes maintaining public chain transactions and public chain transactions related to smart contracts. In the solution of the present application, since public chain maintainer nodes are selected periodically according to time intervals of a specific condition, the nodes acting as maintainers dynamically change, and fixed nodes no longer act as maintainer nodes of the public chain, thus reducing the possibility of the public chain being broken and improving the safety of the public chain; Moreover, the public chain maintainer nodes are only a portion of the nodes of the public chain, which avoids full-network operation for public chain maintenance, which may thus improve the efficiency of public chain operation, attending simultaneously to both the efficiency and security of the public chain.
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