The purpose of the present invention is to provide a backscattering optical amplification device, optical pulse testing device, backscattering optical amplification method and optical pulse testing method which amplify a desired propagation mode of Rayleigh backscattered light at a desired gain via stimulated Raman scattering in a fiber under test where a plurality of propagation modes exist. This backscattering optical amplification device subjects a fiber under test to the input of a probe pulse in a desired propagation mode, and thereafter, when the pump pulse is incident in a plurality of propagation modes, separately controls the pump pulse power, incidence timing and pulse width for each propagation mode.
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