Provided are a limiting guide device for steel box girder incremental launching construction with a rational design and high efficiency, and a limiting construction method. According to the limiting guide device for steel box girder incremental launching construction, limiting guide devices for steel box girder incremental launching construction are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a steel box girder, and comprise a support frame, a lateral displacement fine-adjustment mechanism, and one or more limiting guide mechanisms, wherein the lateral displacement fine-adjustment mechanism is arranged on an outer side of the support frame and is used for driving the support frame to move along a cross girder; and the limiting guide mechanisms are located between the steel box girder and the support frame, and each of the limiting guide mechanisms comprises a roller, a roller frame and two or more lead screw and nut assemblies, the roller being arranged on the roller frame, and the roller frame being connected to the support frame via the lead screw and nut assemblies.
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