METHOD FOR FORMATION OF MULTICHANNEL ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN OF SOLID-STATE INSULATOR AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

摘要

FIELD: electricity.;SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to high-current switching equipment and can be used for formation in low-impedance loads of multi-megampere current pulses with rise time of the order of one and less microseconds. In the method of creating multichannel electrical breakdown of a solid-state insulator with artificially created inhomogeneities in the main gap between two electrodes, the solid-state insulator in the main gap is divided by a metal foil into two auxiliary interelectrode gaps, applying voltage to electrodes of main interelectrode gap and using artificial inhomogeneities provide conditions for single-channel breakdown in first auxiliary interelectrode gap and thereby causing a voltage jump in the second auxiliary gap with a sufficiently steep edge for occurrence of multichannel electrical breakdowns in the insulator in places of artificial inhomogeneities, as a result of which cumulative jets are formed in these places, which extend beyond the limits of the second auxiliary gap, piercing the insulator in the first auxiliary gap, thereby electrically closing the main gap between high-voltage electrodes in many channels. In the device containing high-voltage electrodes, fed from a high-voltage source and separated by a main gap with a solid-state insulator with artificially created irregularities, high-voltage electrodes are made in the form of two coaxial plane-parallel discs, and non-uniformities are made in form of metal shells embedded into insulator, each of which is electrically connected to one of high-voltage electrodes, wherein in the solid-state insulator coaxially and in parallel to the electrodes there is a flat disc of metal foil dividing the main gap into two auxiliary gaps, in first auxiliary space there is one metal shell located on the axis, fused into insulator, and in the second auxiliary space there are metal shells equally spaced from the foil and placed at the same distance from the axis. Gaps between the foil and electrodes, foil and the fused shells are selected such that when the voltage on the electrodes rises, breakdown occurs first in the first auxiliary space between the foil and the metal shell on the axis.;EFFECT: broader operational capabilities owing to formation of a multichannel breakdown of a solid-state insulator using conventional high-voltage sources with a rate of increase of less than 10¹¹ V/s and a reduction in the dimensions of the device.;3 cl, 5 dwg