There is provided a double-side polishing apparatus and a double-side polishing method which enable double-side polishing to be completed at a point in time that enables a polished workpiece to be given a target shape. An arithmetic unit 13 performs a step of grouping the data of thicknesses measured using workpiece thickness measuring devices 11 on a workpiece basis; a step of extracting shape components of each workpiece from the thickness data; a step of identifying a position of each of the mold components in the workpiece radial direction; a step of calculating a shape distribution of the workpiece from the identified position; a step of obtaining a shape index of the workpiece from the calculated shape distribution; and a step of determining the timing of completion of the double-side polishing based on the obtained shape index, thereby determining the timing of completion of the double-side polishing.
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