This system comprises a ground ATC (9) and an onboard ATC (10), which is switched from an "active" mode to a "standby" mode and vice versa by a wake-up unit (21). In the “standby” mode, only the following components remain powered: odometry means (23, 17); a main computer (18); a radiocommunication means (20) between the onboard ATC and the ground ATC; the alarm unit (21). The main computer (18) is programmed to, in “standby” mode, check that the displacement of the train measured by the odometry means from the switch from “active” mode to “standby” mode is zero and, in if so, transmit to ground ATC an instantaneous position of the train using the radio communication means.
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