The invention relates to a method for analyzing a medium by holographic imaging and to a corresponding imaging system, in which an image (101) of a sample of medium present in an observation chamber illuminated by a light source is acquired by a photosensitive sensor, the method being characterized in that it further comprises, after each acquisition, a defect detection phase using the gray levels of the acquired image, this defect detection phase comprising: a partition the acquired image (101) in a predetermined number N of thumbnails (32, 33); evaluating for each vignette and for the entire image a statistical parameter characterizing the distribution of the gray levels in the vignette and in the entire image, respectively; the calculation of an alarm factor from the statistical parameters previously evaluated; the comparison of the alarm factor obtained with a predetermined alarm threshold and the classification of the acquired image into a defective or valid image according to the result of the previous comparison.
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