A light-emitting device, comprising: a conductive support layer (156); a first ohmic contact (150) over the conductive support layer; a first type GaN-based layer (128) over the first ohmic contact; an active layer (126) over the first type GaN-based layer; a second type GaN-based layer (124) over the active layer; and a second ohmic contact (160) over the second type GaN-based layer; wherein the light generated in the active layer emits mainly in the direction of at least one of the first type GaN-based layer and the second type GaN-based layer. The device may comprise a passivation layer (162) formed after substrate transfer.
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