The invention relates to a rail vehicle (1) for transporting a semi-trailer on rails comprising a chassis (2) articulated on bogies (3) arranged on either side of the chassis; a hull (4) movable in height inside the chassis (2), said hull being configured to receive a semi-trailer; a hull height adjustment device; means for measuring the distance between the hull and the rails on which the rail vehicle rests; and means for transmitting a measurement of the distance between the hull and the rails on which the rail vehicle rests to the hull height adjustment device. The invention also relates to a method of loading a gripping semi-trailer into a rail vehicle (1) according to the invention and a method of unloading a gripping semi-trailer out of a rail vehicle (1) according to the invention.
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