Hydrogen Bonding in Ion-pair Molecules in Vapors over ionic liquids, studied by Raman Spectroscopy and ab initio Calculations

摘要

The hydrogen bonding interactions in selected archetypal vapor molecules formed in the gas phase over protic ionic liquids are discussed, based on Raman spectroscopy assisted with ab initio molecular orbital DFT-type quantum mechanical calculations (B3LYP with 6-311+G(d,p) basis sets) on assumed gaseous free state models. Some extreme examples are to be discussed: (1) The 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-guanidinium chloride “molecule” [TMG-H-Cl] found [ref 1] to exist in gaseous state over its corresponding liquid in evacuated ampouls heated at ~225°C (Fig. 1); (2) the analogous bromide “molecule” [TMG-H-Br] [ref 2] and (3) the 1-methylimidazolium ethano-ate, [mim-H-O2CCH3] found [ref 3] to have a less likely existence in the vapor of the corresponding liquid in ampouls at ~200°C (Fig. 2). Experimental Raman results will be compared to ab initio calculated spectra. Fig. 1. Likely gaseous ion pair molecule of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium chloride. The optimized N-H distance in the N-H…Cl bond was 1.099 Å. The H-Cl distance was 1.832 Å to compare with the ~1.27 Å in HCl gas. The bromide behaved similarly [ref 2]. Fig. 2. Not so likely 1-methylimidazolium ethanoate gas molecule. The optimized N-H and H-O distances in the N-H…O bond were found as 1.730 and 1.005 Å. The comparable H-O distance in solid ethanoic acid is ~1.011 Å (neutron diffraction). [1] R. W. Berg, A. Riisager & R. Fehrmann, Formation of an ion pair molecule with a single NH+…Cl- hydrogen bond: Raman spectra of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidin- ium chloride, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008, 112, 8585-8592. [2] R. W. Berg, O. Nguyen van Buu, A. Riisager. & R. Fehrmann, In preparation. [3] R. W. Berg, J.N.C. Lopes, L.P.N. Rebelo, K.R. Seddon & A.A. Tomaszowska, A Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Vapour Phase of 1-Methylimidazolium Ethanoate, a Protic Ionic Liquid, To be submitted for J. Phys. Chem. A (2009).