De l'aménagement numérique des territoires à l'intégration du Web dans l'analyse géographique : nouvelles méthodes et perspectives pour les Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG), la cartographie et la télédétection

摘要

The Information and communications technology (ICT) facilitate the collection and processing of digital information, both numerous and varied, and are increasingly used in various fields (geography, computer science, economics, statistics, etc.). This thesis aims to show the contribution of ICT to the study of geographical objects or phenomena whose distribution varies in space. Initially, the territorial inequalities dissemination of Internet infrastructure, are observed at different scales, which is commonly called « digital divide ». To address these inequalities especially in sparsely populated areas, the proposed solution is to consider a maximum coverage of the territory by non-wireline technology (Wi-Fi). This solution was applied to the case of a common selected Drôme (La Roche-sur-le-Buis). In this type of application, the data (built) are of the images and require a tracking device and the appropriate collection that is the subject of the second stage of research. The objective was to find a relatively simple and accessible data extraction software built in geo-location with free access (like Google Earth). This software allows access to databases of public and raster images covering the world. At a fine scale, the usual methods of remote sensing is not quite satisfactory, another method based on a strategy for target selection, image (good spatial resolution) and the detection method of the object space (built) using a Geographic Information System (GIS) is proposed in vector mode. It is tested in France and Syria at different scales. The results show that the quality of this approach semi-automatic or automatic is related to certain parameters in the three phases of the method: choice phase of data, processing phase and analysis phase