Ozone et transport dans la haute troposphère tropicale de l’Océan Indien et de l’Asie du Sud : apport des données spatiales (IASI) et de la modélisation

摘要

To better understand the processes controling for the distribution of upper tropospheric (UT) ozone (O3) in the tropics, this thesis examines different aspects of pollution transport from sources regions to UT level, through two case studies that take place in the still debated issues.. First study is based on IASI space observations identified an event of transport of UT enriched O3 air masses from Africa to India. During the pre-monsoon season, events of O3 enrichment in UT above the Indian Ocean were essentially attributed to stratospherics intrusions. Simulations have been used to determine its origin, it excludes a stratospheric origin for the event and indicates a probable important contribution by lightning (LiNOx) that occurs over Africa regions. This study could be extended to the whole region and other seasons with a focus on the spring season in order to complete the conclusions obtained during the INDOEX program. The second part focuses on the characterisation of the impact of a deep convective system upon the UTLS composition during the asian summer monsoon. Simulation with a passive tracer highlights the potential of the convective system located over the central Himalaya foothills, to uplift polluted air masses in UTLS to 100 hPa, where the pollutants are rapidly transported by the asian monsoon anticyclone circulation. In agreement with transport pipe towards the UTLS identified by Bergman et al. 2013. However simulation including reactive chemistry show an overestimation by the model of the amount of LiNOx produced, so an adjustment of their parameterization must be made and sensitivity analysis are foreseen to determine precisely O3 production. This study is established in connection with actual major problematic at the center of general debate of the international collaboration. Like ACAM (Atmospheric Composition and the Asian Monsoon) whose targeting the complexe interaction of asian summer monsoon to atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, as well as climate change impact.