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Variovorax sp. mediated biodegradation of the phenyl urea herbicide linuron at micropollutant concentrations and effects of natural dissolved organic matter as supplementary carbon source

机译:Variovorax sp。污染物对苯脲类除草剂利尿隆的生物降解作用及天然溶解有机物作为辅助碳源的影响

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摘要

In nature, pesticides are often present as micropollutants with concentrations too low for efficient biodegradation and growth of heterotrophic pollutant degrading bacteria. Instead, organic carbon present in environmental dissolved organic matter (eDOM) constitutes the main carbon source in nature. Information on how natural organic carbon affects degradation of pollutants and micropollutants in particular, is however poor. Linuron degrading Variovorax sp. strains SRS16, WDL1 and PBLH6 and a triple-species bacterial consortium from which WDL1 originated, were examined for their ability to degrade linuron at micropollutant concentrations and the effect hereon of different eDOM formulations of varying biodegradability as supplementary C-source was explored. Individual strains and the consortium degraded linuron at initial concentrations as low as 1 µg L-1 till concentrations below 4 ng L-1. Degradation kinetics differed among strains with rates that differed up to 70-fold at the lowest linuron concentrations and with lag phases ranging from 0 to 7 days. Linuron biodegradation by the individual strains was inhibited by an easily biodegradable compound such as citrate but stimulated by eDOM at a linuron concentration of 10 mg L-1. Effects were strongly reduced or became non-existent at micropollutant linuron concentrations. Effects of eDOM on degradation at 10 mg L-1 linuron by WDL1 were reduced when WDL1 was incubated together with its original consortium members. This is the first report on eDOM effects on degradation of pesticides at micropollutant concentrations and indicates these effects are limited and depend on linuron and eDOM concentrations, eDOM quality and the bacterial culture.
机译:在自然界中,农药通常以微量污染物的形式存在,其浓度过低,无法有效地进行生物降解和异养污染物降解细菌的生长。相反,环境溶解的有机物(eDOM)中存在的有机碳构成了自然界的主要碳源。但是,关于天然有机碳如何影响污染物和微污染物的降解的信息特别少。 Linuron降解Variovorax sp。检查了菌株SRS16,WDL1和PBLH6以及起源于WDL1的三物种细菌财团在微污染物浓度下降解亚麻嘧啶的能力,并探索了具有不同生物降解性的不同eDOM制剂作为补充C源的影响。单个菌株和财团以低至1 µg L-1的初始浓度降解亚里隆,直至浓度低于4 ng L-1。菌株之间的降解动力学有所不同,在最低的亚麻嘧啶浓度下,降解速率差异高达70倍,并且滞后阶段的范围为0至7天。个别菌株的利尿隆生物降解受到易于生物降解的化合物(例如柠檬酸盐)的抑制,但在浓度为10 mg L-1的利尿隆中受到eDOM的刺激。在微量污染的利奴隆浓度下,作用被大大降低或不存在。当WDL1及其原始财团成员一起孵育时,eDOM对WDL1在10 mg L-1 linuron降解的影响降低。这是关于eDOM对微量污染物浓度下农药降解的影响的第一份报告,并表明这些影响是有限的,并且取决于亚麻嘧啶和eDOM浓度,eDOM质量和细菌培养。

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