EFEKTIFITAS SISTEM LAHAN BASAH BUATAN DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH SAKIT-X (Effectiveness of Artificial Wetland System in Processing Liquid Waste of Hospital-X)

摘要

AbstrakLahan basah buatan adalah sistem yang melibatkan tanaman, tanah, mikroba sebagai pengolahan limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektifitas sistem lahan basah buatan dalam pengolahan limbah cair rumah sakit X dan mengkaji kemampuan jenis tanaman Canna Indica, Echinodorus palaefolius dan Iris pseudoacorus sebagai biofilter limbah cair rumah sakit X . Lahan basah buatan dibuat menggunakan media pasir, karbon aktif, dan kerikil dalam skala laboratorium. Analisis data menggunakan uji Anova dan Uji BNT dengan penggunaan jenis tanaman sebagai perlakuan biofilter, yaitu Canna Indica, Echinodorus palaefolius plant, Iris pseudoacorus, penggabungan ketiga tanaman, dan tidak ada tanaman sebagai kontrol. Waktu detensi 3, 6, dan 9 hari sebagai perlakuan hari dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter utama adalah Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan amoniak. Parameter pendukung warna, bau, suhu, dan pH. Lahan basah buatan terbukti efektif dalam pengolahan limbah cair rumah sakit X dan ada perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh beda nyata terhadap perubahan kualitas air limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi penurunan BOD dan COD terjadi pada waktu detensi 6 hari. Variasi waktu berpengaruh terhadap penurunan konsentrasi BOD dan COD. Penggabungan ketiga tanaman (C. Indica, E. palaefolius dan I. pseudoacorus) terbukti efektif sebagai biofilter dalam penurunan parameter pH (11,2%) dan warna (27,4%), serta tanaman Echinodorus palaefolius terbukti efektif sebagai biofilter dalam penurunan parameter amoniak (34%), namun pengggunaan tanaman (biofilter) dalam lahan basah buatan tidak terbukti efektif pada penurunan BOD, COD, dan suhu. Hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh Permen KLHK No: P. 68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016 tentang Baku mutu air Limbah domestik.AbstractAn artificial wetland is a system which involves plants, soil, and microbes in the wastewater treatment. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of artificial wetland to be used for the hospital’s wastewater treatment. It also reviews the role of Canna Indica, Echinodorus palaefolius, and Iris pseudoacorus to serve as biofilters of the hospital’s wastewater. The artificial wetland is made of sand, active carbon, and gravels in lab-scale amount. The data was analysed by using Anova test and BNT test. The analysis involved several types of plants serving as a biofilter treatment, namely Canna Indica, Echinodurus palaefolius, Iris pseudoacorus, and the combination of these three plants. None served as a control plant. The detention times were 3, 6, and 9 days compounded with three-time repetitions. The main parameters were Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and amoniak. Supporing parameters included colour, odor, temperature, and pH. The artificial wetland was considered effective in the hospital’s wastewater treatment. The results also documented that some treatments had a significantly different effect towards the change of wastewater quality. The research indicated that the efficiency of BOD’s and COD’s decline occured at 6 days of detention. The variety of time affected the concetration decline of BOD and COD. The combination of three plants (E. palaefolius, I. pseudoacorus, and C. Indica) was proven effective as a biofilter which reduces pH parameter (11,2%) and colour parameter (27,4%). In addition, The Echinodorus palaefolius plant was reported effective to reduce amoniak parameter (34%). However, the use of plants (biofilter) in the artificial wetland was not effective towards the decline of BOD, COD, and temperature. The results of this research therefore have met the requirement stipulated by the Goverment regulation of KLHK (Ministry of Environment and Forestry) No : P.68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016 on the quality standards of the domestic wastewater.