Recognition and ER Quality Control of Misfolded Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme by Protein Disulfide Isomerase

摘要

Summary: Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a fatal, inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by reduced activities of all sulfatases in patients. Sulfatases require a unique post-translational modification of an active-site cysteine to formylglycine that is catalyzed by the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). FGE mutations that affect intracellular protein stability determine residual enzyme activity and disease severity in MSD patients. Here, we show that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays a pivotal role in the recognition and quality control of MSD-causing FGE variants. Overexpression of PDI reduces the residual activity of unstable FGE variants, whereas inhibition of PDI function rescues the residual activity of sulfatases in MSD fibroblasts. Mass spectrometric analysis of a PDI+FGE variant covalent complex allowed determination of the molecular signature for FGE recognition by PDI. Our findings highlight the role of PDI as a disease modifier in MSD, which may also be relevant for other ER-associated protein folding pathologies. : Impaired activity of misfolded formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) results in multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) in humans. Schlotawa et al. show that recognition and quality control of misfolded FGE by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) play a crucial role in the manifestation of MSD as a severe disease. Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum, protein disulfide isomerase, protein folding, quality control, formylglycine, sulfatases, multiple sulfatase deficiency, lysosomal storage disorders, formylglycine generating enzyme, SUMF1