Application of Hazard Evaluation Techniques to the Design of Potentially Hazardous Industrial Chemical Processes. NIOSH Instructional Module.

摘要

The instructional module presented specific case studies which highlight the importance of applying system safety techniques to the design and operation of potentially hazardous processes. When applied properly, these techniques can identify and rectify the hidden system failure modes that would otherwise contribute to accidents. Descriptions were offered of seven different techniques for analyzing hazards: preliminary hazard analysis, What If analysis, failure modes effects and criticality analysis, hazard and operability study, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and cause/consequence analysis. The preliminary design of five potentially hazardous processes was considered using several of these evaluation techniques. The processes included metal organic chemical vapor deposition, an ethylene production facility, an alkylation process, a high pressure/low density polyethylene facility, and the batch process of industrial and military explosive production. The importance of including hazard evaluation procedures at the senior level in all engineering courses was stressed.