Quantification of Methane Emissions and Discussion of Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia211 Emissions from Septic Tanks, Latrines, and Stagnant Open Sewers in the World

摘要

This study is a first attempt to estimate global and country-specific methane211u001e(CH4) emissions from open sewers and on-site wastewater treatment systems, 211u001eincluding latrines and septic sewage tanks. This study uses an emission factor 211u001ethat expresses CH4 emissions in terms of removed Chemical Oxygen Demand 211u001e(COD(removed)). An appendix to this report includes a discussion of nitrogen 211u001ecycle effects in these systems to qualify ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) 211u001eemissions from these systems. It was concluded that these systems are not likely 211u001eto contribute and significant quantity of NH3 and N2O to the atmosphere.