Ecological and Benavioral Impacts of Artificial Production Strategies on theAbundance of Wild Salmon Populations: A Review of Practices in the Pacific Northwest

摘要

Production hatcheries play a major role in supplying Pacific salmon and trout tothe common property fishery, and benefiting commercial, sport, tribal, and non-tribal fisheries. In the Pacific Northwest hatchery fish currently contribute between 70-80% of coastal fisheries. This document reviews the issues behind the major theoretical and observed ecological and behavioral impacts of salmonid hatchery production strategies on the abundance and trends of wild salmonid populations. The major focus is on potential effects of differing artificial production strategies as they relate to stocks within: the ESU (evolutionary significant unit) of spring/summer Chinook (O. tshawytscha) in the Snake River, and the ESU of steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Upper Columbia River.