International Experiences with Economic Incentives for Protecting the Environment

摘要

This report reviews experiences outside the United States with economic instruments for managing the environment, including air and water quality, water quantity, solid and hazardous wastes. It represents an update and extension of one chapter in the 1997 report by Anderson and Lohof to the US Environmental Protection Agency. That report found widespread use of economic instruments for managing the environment, including some applications not observed in the United States. Seven years later, this report identifies new instruments, more widespread application of older instruments, and greater acceptance of incentive-based mechanisms in environmental management. This report can also be regarded as an addition of international experience to a 2001 EPA report on the U.S. experience with using economic incentives and follows the same basic organization.