Multibeneficial Use of Produced Water through High-Pressure Membrane Treatment and Capacitive Deionization Technology

摘要

Large volumes of produced water are generated during natural gas production. Beneficial use of produced water has become an attractive solution to produced water management by providing additional and reliable water supplies and reducing the cost for disposal. This project investigated the viability of using low-pressure reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membranes and capacitive deionization as potential techniques to treat produced water that meets nonpotable and potable water quality standards and providing conditions which allow an economical recovery of iodide. The study included laboratory- and field-scale tests with makeup waters representing various produced water chemistries, which were directed to identify key operational parameters and performance. The two technologies proposed were assessed in terms of technical and economic criteria.