Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Exposures tp PM(sup 2.5) and Its Components for Groups of Cardiovascular Patients in Amsterdam and Helsinki.

摘要

The aim of the investigation was to assess the relations between pairs of personal, indoor, and outdoor levels of fine particles and their components with respect to effects for older subjects with cardiovascular disease. In the framework of a study funded by the European Union (Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air; referred to as ULTRA), panel studies were conducted in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Helsinki (Finland). Concentrations of outdoor particulate matter 2.5 micro m or smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM (sub 2.5)) were measured at a fixed site in each location. With HEI funding, each subject's personal and indoor PM (sub 2.5) exposure was measured every other week for 6 months during the 24-hour period preceding intensive health measurements. Particle reflectance was measured as a marker for diesel exhaust. Elemental content of more than 50% of the personal and indoor samples and all corresponding outdoor samples was measured using x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Ion content (sulfate, nitrate) was measured using chromatography.