Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water Use: Five States, 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Volume 56, No. 29, July 27, 2007

摘要

Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal illness caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium and can produce watery diarrhea lasting 13 weeks; one or two cases per 100,000 population are reported annually in the United States (2,3). Fecal-oral transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts occurs through ingestion of contaminated drinking or recreational water, consumption of contaminated food, and contact with infected persons or animals (e.g., cattle or sheep). Unlike bacterial pathogens, Cryptosporidium oocysts are resistant to chlorine disinfection and can survive for days in treated recreational water venues (e.g., public and residential swimming pools and community and commercial water parks) despite adherence to recommended residual chlorine levels (1-3 ppm).