Toxic Byproducts Generated in Disinfected Drinking Water Contaminated with Pharmaceuticals. Final Report for Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant College Program Seed Grant.

摘要

We recently observed that a widely distributed, pharmaceutical contaminant can be modified into byproducts when chlorine disinfection of drinking water is conducted. The conversion of a non-toxic pharmaceutical contaminant into toxic byproducts associated with water disinfection is a new and worrisome discovery. The primary objective of this project was to analyze source water contaminated with the X-ray imaging contrast pharmaceutical iopamidol before and after disinfection with chlorine. The specific objectives were to, (1) determine if this contaminant pharmaceutical was directly cytotoxic and genotoxic in mammalian and human cells, (2) determine if iopamidol was converted into byproducts after chlorine disinfection that are cytotoxic and genotoxic in mammalian and human cells, and (3) determine if there was a correlation between the formation of iopamidol-mediated iodinatated drinking water disinfection byproducts and toxicity. These results were and continue to be used as a foundation for a proposal to a federal agency to fund this important research in pharmaceutical contamination of drinking water sources.