United States Geological Survey Research 1981. Mineral Resource Investigation.

摘要

Most of the world's major manganese deposits are sedimentary accumulations in shallow marine rocks.During review of the world literature on manganese deposits, W. F. Cannon and E. R. Force have found thatthere is a striking affinity of manganese accumulation sand basal marine transgressive units. A temporal correspondence also is suggested between manganese deposit sand ocean anoxic events, or, at least, between very widespread black shales and manganese accumulations. Manganiferous beds are believed to be lateralfacies equivalents to marine black shales. Manganese is highly soluble in anoxic water within black shale basins but is less soluble in oxidized water. Manganese deposit sform where manganese-rich anorexic water from deeper parts of basins wells up onto shelves andbecomes oxidized in wave-mixed zones, thus depositing manganese.T