Method for Sampling Western Spruce Bud Worm Pupae

摘要

Pupal density of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis can be accurately estimated from 45-cm branch tips. Density on tips was representative of densities on entire branches. Mean pupal densities on branch tips are statistically different from lower, mild, and upper crowns. Therefore, multi-crown sampling is required to precisely estimate the mean of populations similar to those used in this study.