Spruce Budworms Handbook. North American Coniferophagous 'Choristoneura': A Bibliography

摘要

The spruce budworms are recognized as the most destructive defoliators of conifers in North America. The bibliography is intended to provide investigators and students working with Choristoneura convenient access to the relevant literature published through 1985. Citations include basic information about the spruce budworms and, to a certain extent, the jack pine budworm and other close relatives. The bibliography does not comprehensively treat the literature on control materials (chemical or biological characteristics, fate, environmental impacts, or application) unless the budworm-rather than the material is the subject of the document.