Types of machinery and equipment, which involve flowing fluids or materials, are to he found in almost every field of engineering. The design of such machinery has often been based on very slender knowledge of the behavior of the appropriate materials and fluids. However, in the last two decades or so, some encouraging progress (due to careful research) has been made in furthering our understanding of flowing fluids. In the meantime the designer has also improved his design techniques and made increasing use of the available data. Nevertheless the task of the designer could be made still much easier and less costly if more exact design procedures were available.
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