State of Knowledge on Meteorologically Caused Icing of Aircraft in Clouds

摘要

The international status of knowledge is presented. Besides a series of special reports the following reports are used as a basis: The Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) today valid - respectively reports from 1949-1956, on which they are founded - and publications of AGARD and German Military Geophysical Office in the last time. The presentation of status of knowledge is arranged according to the following topics: cloudphysical parameters (temperature, liquid water content, particle size), cloud parameters (class of clouds, range, altitude, orograhy), synoptics (fronts, air masses), calculation of the ice accretion and the derivation of empirical equations and diagrams for the changing of the aerodynamic coefficients.