Adjoint Formulation for an Embedded-Boundary Cartesian Method

摘要

Any problems in aerodynamic design can be characterized by smooth and convex objective functions. This motivates the use of gradient-based algorithms, particularly for problems with a large number of design variables, to efficiently determine optimal shapes and configurations that maximize aerodynamic performance. Accurate and efficient computation of the gradient, however, remains a challenging task. In optimization problems where the number of design variables dominates the number of objectives and flow-dependent constraints, the cost of gradient computations can be significantly reduced by the use of the adjoint method.