Broad spectrum catalytic system for removal of toxic organics from water by deep oxidation. 1998 annual progress report

摘要

Toxic organics and polymers pose a serious threat to the environment, especially when they are present in aquatic systems. The objective of the research is the design of practical procedures for the removal and/or recycling of such pollutants by oxidation. This report summarizes the work performed in the first one and half years of a three year project. The authors had earlier described a catalytic system for the deep oxidation of toxic organics, such as benzene, phenol and substituted phenols, aliphatic and aromatic halogenated compounds, organophosphorus, and organosulfur compounds (1). In this system, metallic palladium was found to catalyze the oxidation of the substrate by dioxygen in aqueous medium at 80--100 C in the presence of carbon monoxide. For all the substrates examined, deep oxidation to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water occurred in high yields, resulting in up to several hundred turnovers over a 24 h period. Because of a pressing need for new procedures for the destruction of chemical warfare agents, the authors have examined in detail the deep oxidation of appropriate model compounds containing phosphorus-carbon and sulfur-carbon bonds using the same catalytic system. The result is the first observation of the efficient catalytic oxidative cleavage of phosphorus-carbon and sulfur-carbon bonds under mild conditions, using dioxygen as the oxidant (2) . In addition to the achievements described above, they have unpublished results in several other areas. For example, they have investigated the possibility of using dihydrogen rather than carbon monoxide as a coreductant in the catalytic deep oxidation of substrates. Even more attractive from a practical standpoint is the possibility of using a mixture of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen (synthesis gas). Indeed, experiments indicated that it is possible to substitute carbon monoxide by dihydrogen or synthesis gas. Significantly, in the case of nitro compounds, the deep oxidation in fact proceeded faster when dihydrogen rather than carbon monoxide was the coreductant. Finally, they have achieved the oxidative degradation and chemical recycling of a wide range of polymeric materials under relatively mild conditions using nitrogen oxides and dioxygen (3). With the production of polymeric materials on the rise and landfill space at a premium, it becomes increasingly important to develop new techniques for reducing the amount of material lost to the landfill. While some condensation polymers are chemically recycled, there is very little, if any, recycling of addition polymers which constitute 75% by weight of all polymers manufactured. Using the procedure, a wide variety of addition and condensation polymers can be oxidatively degraded. In the particular cases of polystyrene, high and low density polyethylene and, perhaps, polypropylene useful organics are produced in moderate to good yields.'