Heat Transfer from Condensate Droplets Falling Through an Immiscible Layer of Tributyl Phosphate

摘要

As part of a safety analysis of reactions in two-layer mixtures of nitric acid and tributyl phosphate (TBP), an experiment was conducted to study how steam condensate mixes with the TBP layer when steam passes over a TBP-nitric acid mixture. The experiments showed that the condensate does not form a separate layer on top of the TBP but instead percolates as droplets through the TBP layer. The temperature at the top surface of the TBP layer undergoes a step change increase when the initial condensate droplets reach the surface. Temperatures at the surface and within the TBP and aqueous layers subsequently approach a steady state distribution governed by laminar convection and radiation heat transfer from the vapor space above the two-layer mixture. The rate of temperature increase and the steady state temperature gradient are determined by a characteristic propagation velocity and a streamwise dispersion coefficient for heat transfer. The propagation velocity is the geometric mean of the thermal convection velocities for the organic and aqueous phases, and the dispersion coefficient equals 0.494 times the product of the superficial condensate droplet velocity and the diameter of the test vessel. The value of the dispersion coefficient agrees with the Joshi (1980) correlation for liquid phase backmixing in bubble columns. Transient perturbations occur in the TBP layer temperatures. A Fourier analysis shows that the dominant frequency of these perturbations equals the natural frequency given by the transient heat transfer solution.