Effect of Temperature and Sulfonate Concentration on Calcium Tolerance

摘要

Calcium tolerance of these sulfonates increases as temperature or sulfonate concentration increases. Above 2 wt % sulfonate, tolerance increases as the logarithm of sulfonate concentration. The fraction of sulfonate (CB 450 at 30 exp 0 C) neutralized by calcium is not the same in the precipitate as in the supernatant solution. In either case, the rest of the sulfonate is neutralized by sodium. These fractions also vary as the total sulfonate concentration changes and as precipitation proceeds. Before much precipitation has occured, the precipitate fraction reaches a minimum and solution viscosity a corresponding maximum. (ERA citation 05:009633)