Metals Speciation in Soils: A Review of Methodologies

摘要

Past military and industrial activities have resulted in soils being contaminatedwith heavy metals. In an effort to develop better remediation technologies, Research and Development studies have been initiated under the Installation Restoration Program to develop effective, efficient, and economical solutions to solve military contamination problems. One area identified as being deficient regarding metal contaminated soil is that of metal speciation. This report was initiated to investigate the state-of-the-art development for metal speciation. This report presents the results of an in depth literature review of methodologies available for metal speciation in soils. Three main areas are presented including extraction techniques, instrumental methods, and soil solution techniques for metal speciation. This literature review indicated that there is a large volume of studies that have investigated extraction methodology for metal speciation. Details of the extraction procedures as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each extraction method are summarized. This report also presents a quick overview of newly developed instrumental methods for surface analysis for metal species determination. A useful table summarizing surface techniques and a brief description of the technology are presented.