A Literature Review - Problem Definition Studies on Selected Toxic Chemicals. Volume 8. Environmental Aspects of Diesel Fuel and Fog Oils SGF Number 1 and SGF Number 2 and Smoke Screens Generated from Them.

摘要

In this literature review (117 references) on the environmental aspects of fog oils and diesel fuel and the smoke screens, or fogs, generated from them, the topics which are investigated include the effects of petroleum fuels and lubricants on waterfowl and birds, insects, plants, soil nematodes, fish, marine worms, molluscs, crustaceans, and other marine species, phytoplankton, microorganisms and zooplankton. In addition to acute toxicity of these petroleum oils in most species, adverse effects on reproduction, carcinogenicity, chemically-mediated behavior disruption, and inhibition of photosynthesis, among others, are reported for various organisms. Factors influencing the atmospheric dispersion of the oil smokes, and the dispersion and persistence of the oil films on soil, water, and vegetation resulting from the settling of the oil smoke to ground level are reviewed, as well as pathways by which these petroleum oils are chemically and biologically degraded, and their uptake and accumulation in species ranging from algae through fish and shellfish to humans. Current techniques for sampling and analysis of fog oils and diesel fuel in water, soil and biological media are presented.