Electromagnetic Tornadoes in Space. Ion Conics Along Auroral Field Lines Generated by Lower Hybrid Waves and Electromagnetic Turbulence in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies

摘要

The exotic phenomenon of energetic ion conic formation by plasma waves in the magnetosphere is considered. Two particular transverse heating mechanisms are reviewed in detail: lower hybrid energization of ions in the boundary layer of the plasma sheet, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron resonance heating in the central region of the plasma sheet. Mean particle calculations, plasma simulations, and analytical treatments of the heating processes are described. Keywords: Electromagnetic tornadoes; Ion conics; Lower hybrid waves; Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves; Reprints. (jhd)