Investigation of the Thermal Decomposition of 1, 4-Butanediammonium Dinitrate and Selected Composites with Ammonium and Potassium Nitrates

摘要

This report describes the investigation of the thermal decomposition of 1,4-butanediammonium dinitrate (BDD), specifically C- and N-deuterated analogs, selected composites with ammonium and potassium nitrates, and composite N-deuterated analogs. Analytical techniques used for this work were differential scanning (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimetry, thermogravimetry, tandem gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and deuterium labeling. Impact sensitivities, times to explosion, and critical temperatures were determined for these materials. Condensed phase induction period studies performed by using specifically deuterated BDD analogs generally displayed inverse deuterium isotope effects. While these studies did not unequivocally reveal the specific covalent bond rupture responsible for generating conditions favorable for exothermic decomposition, they did provide a direct relationship between induction period chemistry as measured by quantitative isothermal differential scanning calorimetry and macroscopic thermal sensitivity properties. Energetic nitrate salts, Composite explosives, Deuterium isotope effect, Thermal decomposition chemistry, Mechanistic study, Time to explosion study. (mjm)