The work reported here utilized the 1.6 m clear aperture solar telescope in Big Bear Lake, CA. This telescope is the largest aperture and most powerful solar telescope ever built, which enable the high resolution observations essential to our new results discussed here. The telescope enables a fundamental probing of the origins of space weather. Under current AFOSR support, the NST was used to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and up to the transition region of the Sun with unprecedented resolution to elucidate the fundamental nature of the dynamics of solar magnetism and its evolution. We use the NST in sustained campaigns, which has been at the core of BBSO's ability to provide unique data in support of the community's efforts to understand our star and its environs. Observing campaigns are essential to determine the origin of 'space weather', which arises from solar magnetic storms and can have deleterious effects on satellites, as well as the terrestrial power grid, telecommunications, and other aspects of human civilization.
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