Introduction: Unconjugated bilirubinjaundice is a common symptom in neonatal period. In some babies, excessive serumbilirubin concentrations can place them at risk of acute bilirubinencephalopathy (BE) when the unconjugated pigment crosses the blood-brainbarrier. Our study aimed to describe epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis ofBE at the Neonatology Department of Albert Royer Children’s Hospital of Dakar. Materialsand Methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study of cases of BE fromJanuary 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019.Obstetric and perinatal data as well aspostnatal jaundice data (onset time, associated signs, signs of encephalopathy,treatment and evolution) were collected and analyzed by SPSS softwareversion 2.0. Almost all newborns (27 cases; 90%) were exclusively breastfed. Atadmission, all children exhibited blunt jaundice and signs of encephalopathydominated by the abolition of archaic reflexes (76.7%), low suction (22 cases;73.3%), central apnea (12 cases, 40%). The mean serum bilirubinemia was 322 mg/litre. Neonatal infection (10 cases; 33.3%) and fetal-maternalincompatibility (16 cases; 53.3%) were the main causes. All children receivedintensive phototherapy and exsanguino transfusion was performed for 7 newborns (23.3%). Nine childrendied (30% mortality rate). Conclusion: Only better organisation ofperinatal care with enhanced postnatal follow-up can reduce the incidence ofEB.
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