Membrane synthesis for separation (Part 2)

摘要

Among the various types of membrane processes, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration processes are focused broadly due to their utmost importance in the field of water desalination, ultra-pure water production, and wastewater treatment. In this review the principles for successful membrane synthesis are discussed in details. The immobilization of enzymes and other functional groups which enhance membrane separation process are also discussed. Among the various methods of enzyme immobilization, covalent bonding of enzyme to the polymer support is considered as the most permanent of the immobilization methods. The fouling is one of the major reasons, which leads to destruction of membrane; hence the solutions to prevent fouling are also discussed. The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major threat to human life and the environment. Hence the application of functional membranes mainly for separation is illustrated.