Sustainable practices in contemporary livestock farming

摘要

In recent years,the consumption of dairy and meat products increases worldwide.Alongside this trend,the environmental impact of livestock farms is also increasing.The main problems can be grouped as follows:energy consumption,release of greenhouse gases,clearwater consumption,and discharge of contaminated water.In an effort to reduce the impact of livestock farms,scientists from various fields are developing different solutions to the problems mentioned above.These solutions are highly interconnected,as the output products of one activity often are the input of another.This paper aims to present an analytical overview of the various existing and implemented solutions which help to increase energy independence and create zero-waste dairy production.The provided sustainable practices include:methods for lowering the GHG emissions,approaches for separation and purification of livestock farm waste,biogas producing by anaerobical digestion of organic waste,methods for filtration and purification of waste water.In addition to the ecological effects,the implementation of these practices brings economic profits for livestock farms.The economic efficiency,ecological,and social optimization functions are described.